ARTICLE23:BLOOM'S TAXONOMY OF LEARNING DOMAINS

There are three types of domain stated in Bloom's Taxonomy Book. These are the ff;

• Cognitive Domain (Bloom, 1956) that involves knowledge and the development of intellectual skills.
  
• Affective Domain (Krathwohl, Bloom, Masia, 1973) that includes the manner in which we deal with things emotionally, such as feelings, values, appreciation, enthusiasms, motivations, and attitudes. The five major categories are listed from the simplest behavior to the most complex:
• Psychomotor Domain (Simpson, 1972) includes physical movement, coordination, and use of the motor-skill areas. Development of these skills requires practice and is measured in terms of speed, precision, distance, procedures, or techniques in execution. The seven major categories are listed from the simplest behavior to the most complex:

ARTICLE22:COMPONENTS OF MEANINGFUL LEARNING

Last Monday, August23 2010, during our online class in Educational Technology 1, we made a comment about meaningful learning. I found out that, there are four components of a meaningful learning. And these are the following;

1. ENVIRONMENT- This emphasizes the teacher-student relationship and helping the students to succeed.
2. EXPERIENCE
   
3. MEANING- In here, it has been emphasized, that a teacher should make the meaning more personal, in order for the students to understand and relate the learnings that they learned in their real-world.
4. MOTIVATION- This is the most important component among the four. Because this will be the major factor in developing and improving the eagerness,willingness and interest of a learner to learn.

ARTICLE21:SOCIAL SCIENCE THEORIES OF EDUCATION

Education is one of the major institutions that constitute society. There are various various social science theories that relate to education. These are; consensus, conflict, structural functionalist and interactionist theories. Conflict theory deals with the emergence of conflict within a particular human society while consensus is seen as the equilibrium state of society based on a general or widespread agreement among all members of a particular society. The consensus and conflict theories are reflected in the works of certain dominant social theorist such as Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber and other social theorist. Structural functionalism is concerned with the functions of schooling in the maintenance of social order. It asserts the society is made up of different institutions or organizations that work together in cooperation to achieve orderly relationship and to maintain social order and social stability. Symbolic interactionist are interested not simply in socialization but in interactions between students and students and between students and teachers. All types of interactions refine our ability to think.

ARTICLE 19:THE COMMONALITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF A HUMAN COGNITIVE PROCESS AND A COMPUTER

In the theory of Information Process, I found out that our cognitive process ans a computer have commonalities. They are common or the same on how they function. Like a computer, our cognitive process can receive, store, and retrieve information's.

They also have differences. They differ in storage capacity and duration of the received in formations. Unlike computer, the received information's can be stored for a long tome until we needed it again, while the storage of information's in the human cognitive process is limited due to the forgetting issue. Most of the received information's , especially if not properly encoded will be forgotten.

ARTICLE 20:THE FOUR PILLARS OF EDUCATION

There are four pillars of education. Through these so called pillars of education, we can create learning opportunities. What are these four pillars?

The four pillars are the following;

• Learning to know, that is acquiring the instruments of understanding;
• Learning to do, so as to be able to act creatively in one's environment;
• Learning to live together, so as to participate in and cooperate with other people in all human activities;and
• Learning to be, so as to be better develop one's personality and to act with ever greater autonomy, judgment and personal responsibility.
  

ARTICLE18:CULTURE

One of the factor that contribute to human diversity, is Culture. By the way, what is culture? Culture refers to attitudes, values, knowledge, language, customs, and behavior patterns that characterize a social group.
Every human creature, in every society, we are involve in different culture, no matter how simple or complex it maybe.Culture will determine in what kind of people are we, what family we came from. It is very important and necessary and important to know the different cultures that evolve in a particular society, for the sake of understanding, acceptance and unity. An understanding of culture will provide individuals with a better appreciation of the different cultures of people with whom they may relate now and in the future.

ARTICLE17:THEORIES OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

There's a sayings that says,"Human is unique". Yes,it is true, that we are unique. Its because of our individual differences. There are two theories of individual differences. The first one, is the Theories of Correlation. This theory explains that the strength in one trait is closely related with strength in another trait, if these have many elements in common. This theory refers to a positive correlation.

The second theory is the, Theories of Compensation. This theory states that weaknesses in one trait is compensated by strength in other traits. This theory refers to the negative correlation.

ARTICLE 16: FUNCTIONS OF HOMEWORK

The homework is the last but not the least part of a lesson plan. It has different functions:

• It is an extended practice
• It is an advance preparation for the next lesson
• It helps cultivate good study habits and
  
• It is an assessment tool
  

ARTICLE 15: STRUCTURES OF CURRICULUM DESIGN

There are three structures of curriculum design. First, is the subject-centered design. This model focuses on the content of the curriculum. This subject-centered design corresponds to the textbook, written for the specific subect. Examples for these are the subject-design, discipline design and board field design.

The second structure is the learner-centered deisgn. This model states that the learner is the centerof the educative process. It recognizes the importance of the learner in the curriculum. Examples for these are the child-centered design, experience centered design, and the humanistic design.

The third and final and last is the problem-centered desin. This design draws on social problems, needs, interest, and abilities of the learners. Various problems are given emphasis. In this curiculum, content cut across subject boundaries and must be based on the needs, concerns and abilities of the students. Examples for this are the life-situations design and core design.

ARTICLE 14: SELF- ACTIVITY, THE BASIS OF ALL LEARNING

Self-activity is doing by learning. There is a great

need for activity in effective learning. This implies that

the learner must be active and must participate in

many ways as possible in the learning activity.

ARTICLE 13: INTELLIGENCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO TEACHERS

Intelligence is a general capacity of an individual to adjust his thinking to new requirement. It is general mental adaptability to new problems and conditions of life. Intelligence is the initial point or the basis of learning. The effectiveness of teaching and learning is conditioned by the degree of intelligence of the learner. Its' implications to teachers are the following" The teacher should provide varied reading materials, and the teacher should ask critical questions.

ARTICLE 12: THE IMPORTANCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

There are lots examples of instructional materals. Some of these are audio recordings, OHP's,bulletin boards, charts, realia, video tapes/films, pictures and etc.

All of these instructional materials are very important in teaching and learning process. Why? Because all of these serves as an aid for instruction. Through this, the teachers will able to make her/his strategies in teaching more effective and meaningful, and the students will be able to understandand easily absorb the lessons.

ARICLE 11: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

Every individual is unique. We are unique because of our individual differences. Two of the factors that contributes to these differences are the language and culture. Every society has different language and culture, no matter how simple it maybe. Through the study of individual differences, we are able to know, understand and accept each other.

ARTICLE10:THE IMPORTANCE OF DEDICATION

For me, dedication is very important. This is one of the factor for an individual to success in all terms. through this, nothing is impossibel to do and fulfill. This will serve as our strnghtto go,strive, and succeed in every dreams that we have in life. If you lack of this, then for sure, you will be defeated easily.No one can defeat you if you have this aspect, the "dedication"

ARTICLE9:TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS

Teaching and learning is a process that includes many variables. These variables interact as learners work toward their goals and incorporate new knowledge, behaviors, and skills that add to their range of learning experiences. Consideration of these factors and the ways in which they interact provide an organic view of the teaching-learning process that is often called a “systems approach”. This approach also provides a way of looking at ourselves, the environments in which we teach, and the environments around us. Using this perspective, we can better examine the process and better design the process itself.

ARTICLE8:THE FOUR ELEMENTS OF CURRICULUM

• aims,goals and objectives-includes activities that are to be done
• subject matter/content-these refers to the subject content that are to be taught
• learning experiences-refers to the insA tructional strategies,resources and activities that ill be employ.
• evaluation approaches-these are the methods and instruments that will be use to assess the results of the curriculum.
  
• curriculum is composed of elements that strenghten the knowledge and understanding of the nature, concepts and purposes of the curriculum. These are the major components of curriculum;

ARTICLE7:THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER

Nowadays, one of the great technology that is existing from todays generation is "computer". Like other technologies, it has benefits. And if we talk about benefits, the advantages and disadvantages is present. There are lots of disadvantages of computer, and some of this are the following;1.)it destroy your social life and interactions with human if you do not maintain the balance2.)it may affect to the destruction of your age sight due to radiation3.0it may damage your studies and life4.)the way it distracts and can deviate our thoughts and activities towards unproductive activities and the last6.)it could cause violation of privacy, impact on labor force, health risks, and impact on environment.
If there are disadvantages, there are also advantages. Ans some of these are the following;1.)it helps you automate various tasks that you cannot do manually2.)it helps you organize data and information in a better way3.)it has much more computing and calculating power than ordinary human4.)it may help your work to be a lot easier5.)it has speed,storage,reliability,consistency and communications and last is6.)it helps you find useful information using the internet.

ARTICLE6:WHO ARE THE STAKEHOLDERS OF THE CURRICULUM?

There are different stakeholders of a school curriculum. These stakeholders are the persons who put into action and give life to the curriculum. These stakeholders shape the school curriculum implementation. These are the following stakeholders of curriculum:

• LEARNERS AS THE CENTER OF THE CURRICULUM
• TEACHERS AS CURRICULUM DEVELOPERS AND IMPLEMENTERS
• CURRICULUM MANAGERS AND ADMINISTRATORS
• PARENTS AS SUPPORTERS TO THE CURRICULUM
  
• COMMUNITY MEMBERS AS CURRICULUM RESOURCES
  
• OTHERS STAKEHOLDERS IN CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION

These following people are the one who composes curriculum.

ARTICLE5:LEARNING IOS AN ACTIVE PROCESS

Learning is not a spectacular sport. Students do not learn much just by sitting in class listening to teachers, memorizing, prepackaged assignments, and spitting out answers. They must talk about what they are learning, write about it, relate it to the past experiences, apply it to their daily lives. They must make what they learn part of themselves.

Students learn more if they actively engaged with the material they are studying.