ARTICLE18:CULTURE

One of the factor that contribute to human diversity, is Culture. By the way, what is culture? Culture refers to attitudes, values, knowledge, language, customs, and behavior patterns that characterize a social group.
Every human creature, in every society, we are involve in different culture, no matter how simple or complex it maybe.Culture will determine in what kind of people are we, what family we came from. It is very important and necessary and important to know the different cultures that evolve in a particular society, for the sake of understanding, acceptance and unity. An understanding of culture will provide individuals with a better appreciation of the different cultures of people with whom they may relate now and in the future.

ARTICLE17:THEORIES OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

There's a sayings that says,"Human is unique". Yes,it is true, that we are unique. Its because of our individual differences. There are two theories of individual differences. The first one, is the Theories of Correlation. This theory explains that the strength in one trait is closely related with strength in another trait, if these have many elements in common. This theory refers to a positive correlation.

The second theory is the, Theories of Compensation. This theory states that weaknesses in one trait is compensated by strength in other traits. This theory refers to the negative correlation.

ARTICLE 16: FUNCTIONS OF HOMEWORK

The homework is the last but not the least part of a lesson plan. It has different functions:

• It is an extended practice
• It is an advance preparation for the next lesson
• It helps cultivate good study habits and
  
• It is an assessment tool
  

ARTICLE 15: STRUCTURES OF CURRICULUM DESIGN

There are three structures of curriculum design. First, is the subject-centered design. This model focuses on the content of the curriculum. This subject-centered design corresponds to the textbook, written for the specific subect. Examples for these are the subject-design, discipline design and board field design.

The second structure is the learner-centered deisgn. This model states that the learner is the centerof the educative process. It recognizes the importance of the learner in the curriculum. Examples for these are the child-centered design, experience centered design, and the humanistic design.

The third and final and last is the problem-centered desin. This design draws on social problems, needs, interest, and abilities of the learners. Various problems are given emphasis. In this curiculum, content cut across subject boundaries and must be based on the needs, concerns and abilities of the students. Examples for this are the life-situations design and core design.

ARTICLE 14: SELF- ACTIVITY, THE BASIS OF ALL LEARNING

Self-activity is doing by learning. There is a great

need for activity in effective learning. This implies that

the learner must be active and must participate in

many ways as possible in the learning activity.

ARTICLE 13: INTELLIGENCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO TEACHERS

Intelligence is a general capacity of an individual to adjust his thinking to new requirement. It is general mental adaptability to new problems and conditions of life. Intelligence is the initial point or the basis of learning. The effectiveness of teaching and learning is conditioned by the degree of intelligence of the learner. Its' implications to teachers are the following" The teacher should provide varied reading materials, and the teacher should ask critical questions.

ARTICLE 12: THE IMPORTANCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

There are lots examples of instructional materals. Some of these are audio recordings, OHP's,bulletin boards, charts, realia, video tapes/films, pictures and etc.

All of these instructional materials are very important in teaching and learning process. Why? Because all of these serves as an aid for instruction. Through this, the teachers will able to make her/his strategies in teaching more effective and meaningful, and the students will be able to understandand easily absorb the lessons.